This paper investigates Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD; 1992) which the author describes as 'an inability to form normal relationships with others and an impairment in development, usually caused by pathological parental care' (p. 83).

The paper provides an overview of the aetiology of RAD and considers its likely outcomes in adulthood (the development of personality disorder);  considers techniques for assessment and diagnosis, including symptom checklists, the DSM-IV (1994) definition of RAD and other instruments;  Explains the inappropriateness of traditional supportive and insight-oriented counselling approaches;  Provides a detailed description of Attachment Therapy and the therapies and therapeutic traditions from which it is derived including Holding Therapy (1986; 1988), the Z-Process (1979), and Redecision Therapy. Reviews reports of positive outcomes using these therapeutic techniques;  and considers criticisms that have been levelled at these techniques, including the suggestion that these therapeutic methods are, in themselves, abusive.